Kategori: Klima og miljø

Klima og miljø
Klimautfordringene i landbrukssektoren er komplekse, og utviklingen innebærer forskning, teknologi og kunnskap. Innenfor feltet forskes det på klimaeffekter og tilpasninger i primærnæringene, lagring av karbon i jord, metanutslipp, lystgassutslipp, bedre økonomiske beregninger av kostnader ved ulike klimatiltak i jordbruket, og hvilke konsekvenser klimatiltakene kan få for matproduksjonen.

I tillegg til at maten vi produserer og spiser påvirker mengden klimagasser som slippes ut, påvirker også landbruket miljøet. Temaer her kan for eksempel være avrenning fra landbruket, kjemikaliebruk og landbrukets påvirkning på biodiversitet og landskap.

Dette er Kores temaside for forskning på klima og miljø i relasjon til landbruk. Her har vi samlet både norsk og internasjonal forskning på klima- og miljørelaterte temaer.

Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

Global agricultural feeds over 7 billion people, but is also a leading cause of environmental degradation. Understanding how alternative agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice drive environmental degradation is necessary for reducing agriculture's environmental impacts.

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Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

The food system is a major driver of climate change, changes in land use, depletion of freshwater resources, and pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. Here we show that between 2010 and 2050, as a result of expected changes in population and income levels, the environmental effects of the food system could increase by 50–90% in the absence of technological changes and dedicated mitigation measures, reaching levels that are beyond the planetary boundaries that define a safe operating space for humanity.

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Food systems for sustainable development: proposals for a profound four-part transformation

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling, Økonomi

Evidence shows the importance of food systems for sustainable development: they are at the nexus that links food security, nutrition, and human health, the viability of ecosystems, climate change, and social justice. However, agricultural policies tend to focus on food supply, and sometimes, on mechanisms to address negative externalities. We propose an alternative.

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Sustainable intensification of agriculture for human prosperity and global sustainability

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø

There is an ongoing debate on what constitutes sustainable intensification of agriculture (SIA). In this paper, we propose that a paradigm for sustainable intensification can be defined and translated into an operational framework for agricultural development. We argue that this paradigm must now be defined—at all scales—in the context of rapidly rising global environmental changes in the Anthropocene, while focusing on eradicating poverty and hunger and contributing to human wellbeing.

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Agricultural ecosystems and their services: the vanguard of sustainability?

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø

Sustainable Development Goals offer an opportunity to improve human well-being while conserving natural resources. Ecosystem services highlight human well-being benefits ecosystems, including agricultural ecosystems, provides. Whereas agricultural systems produce the majority of our food, they drive significant environmental degradation. This tension between development and environmental conservation objectives is not an immutable outcome as agricultural systems are simultaneously dependents, and providers of ecosystem services.

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Fangvekstenes økosystemtjenester – Kunnskapsstatus om effekten av fangvekster

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Fosfor, Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer

Denne rapporten gir en oversikt over fangvekster og deres effekter på avling, mineralsk nitrogen i jord, karbonbinding, utslipp til vann og luft, jordstruktur, biodiversitet og ugras. Det er fortrinnsvis brukt studier fra Norge og Norden for å øke kunnskapen om fangvekster. Se side 5.

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Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Folkehelse, Klima og miljø

What we eat greatly influences our personal health and the environment we all share. Recent analyses have highlighted the likely dual health and environmental benefits of reducing the fraction of animal-sourced foods in our diets. Here, we couple for the first time, to our knowledge, a region-specific global health model based on dietary and weight-related risk factors with emissions accounting and economic valuation modules to quantify the linked health and environmental consequences of dietary changes.

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Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT– Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Agroøkologi, Folkehelse, Klima og miljø, Matsvinn, Næringsstoffer, Produksjonsmetoder, Samfunnsutvikling

Food systems have the potential to nurture human health and support environmental sustainability; however, they are currently threatening both. Providing a growing global population with healthy diets from sustainable food systems is an immediate challenge. Although global food production of calories has kept pace with population growth, more than 820 million people have insufficient food and many more consume low-quality diets that cause micronutrient deficiencies and contribute to a substantial rise in the incidence of diet-related obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

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Improving Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency via Biofertilization – A Global Meta-analysis

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Fosfor, Gjødsel, Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer

The application of microbial inoculants (biofertilizers) is a promising technology for future sustainable farming systems in view of rapidly decreasing phosphorus stocks and the need to more efficiently use available nitrogen (N). Various microbial taxa are currently used as biofertilizers, based on their capacity to access nutrients from fertilizers and soil stocks, to fix atmospheric nitrogen, to improve water uptake or to act as biocontrol agents.

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Organic-PLUS

| Type artikkel: Forskningsprosjekt

Kategori: Agroøkologi, Klima og miljø, Økologisk landbruk

The Organic-PLUS (O+) project has the overall aim of providing high quality, trans-disciplinary, scientifically informed decision support to help all actors in the organic sector, including national and regional policy makers, to reach the next level of the organic success story in Europe. By doing so, organic food systems can be more true to organic principles but equally to the EU Bio-economy agenda.

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Matsvinn i Norge – Rapportering av nøkkeltall 2015 – 201 7

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Matsvinn

Om rapporten
Juni 2017 signerte norske myndigheter og en samlet matbransje en bransjeavtale om redusert matsvinn. Formålet med avtalen er å halvere matsvinnet i Norge innen 2030, i tråd med FNs bærekraftmål 12.3, der halveringen skal oppnås gjennom delmålene 15 % reduksjon i 2020 og 30 % reduksjon i 2025, og 2015 danner referansebanen. Partene i avtalen er forpliktet til å rapportere på utviklingen i mengde og sammensetning av matsvinn. Tallene og utviklingstrendene for matbransjen er dokumentert i denne rapporten.

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Knowledge and precaution. On organic farmers’ assessment of new technology

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Økologisk landbruk

Organic farming is under constant pressure to reinvent itself by adopting new technologies. This article examines the role of precaution in organic farmers’ assessments of new technologies, and asks how their assessments draw on different types of knowledge. The article further explores how knowledge type compares to the role of knowledge and precaution expressed in the principles of organic farming as defined by the organic movement organisation, IFOAM.

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Comparison of the environmental performance of different treatment scenarios for the main phosphorus recycling sources

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Fosfor, Gjødsel, Klima og miljø, Næringsstoffer

Efficient phosphorus (P) recycling from rural and urban areas is becoming an increasing issue due to the scarcity of natural P deposits. Based on a life cycle assessment (LCA), we analyzed the environmental performance of 17 different P supply and recycling approaches from urban wastes, biosolids and slaughterhouse wastes compared with the two conventional inorganic fertilizers phosphate rock and triple superphosphate.

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Nitrogen leaching: a crop rotation perspective on the effect of N surplus, field management and use of catch crops

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Gjødsel, Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer

Components of the field nitrogen (N) balance (input and surplus) are often used to predict nitrate leaching from agricultural lands. However, management factors, such as use of catch crops, greatly affect the actual loss and are a key to reduce N leaching. The present study is based on the 4th cycle of a long-term crop rotation experiment in Denmark, and it aims to quantify, from a crop rotation perspective, the influence on N leaching from N input and surplus or management factors.

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Livsløpsvurdering av tomatproduksjon i Norge

| Type artikkel: Månedens masterMasteravhandling

Kategori: Drivhus, Klima og miljø, Matplanter, Tomat

Produksjon av biogass gir energi i form av biogass og et næringsrikt gjødselprodukt i form av biogjødsel. I tillegg arbeides det med å finne aktuelle bruksområder for CO2, som er et biprodukt fra oppgraderingen av biogass til drivstoffkvalitet. Et pilotveksthus er nå under oppføringi Tønsberg. Her vil det gjøres forsøk på å bruke CO2 fra biogassproduksjonen i veksthuset der det skal dyrkes tomater. I tillegg har biogass og biogjødsel egenskaper som gjør at de kan fungere som substitutt for fossile innsatsfaktoreri tradisjonell veksthusproduksjon.

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Life cycle analysis of organic tomato production and supply in Sweden

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Tomat, Økologisk landbruk

Improving sustainability of organic tomato value chains requires increase of production and reduction of losses and related environmental burden. This paper presents the study conducted on organic tomato produced and consumed in Sweden. Using life cycle analysis (LCA) method with SimaPro8.2 LCA software, the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP100) were investigated within the system boundary of cradle-to-consumer gate.

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Towards an EU Regulatory Framework for Climate-Smart Agriculture: The Example of Soil Carbon Sequestration

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

This article assesses current and proposed European Union (EU) climate and environmental law, and the legal instruments associated with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), to see whether soil carbon sequestration is sufficiently promoted as a promising example of ‘climate-smart agriculture’. The assessment shows that current and proposed policies and instruments are inadequate to stimulate large-scale adoption of soil carbon projects across Europe.

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Impacts of organic matter amendments on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in grassland soils

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Matjord

Organic matter amendments have been proposed as a means to enhance soil carbon (C) stocks on degraded soils. However, only few data exist on rates of soil C sequestration or the fate of added C in grassland soils, which are generally thought to have high C storage potential. We measured changes in the amount of C and nitrogen (N) in soils and in the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) following a single application of composted organic matter in two annual grasslands from different bioclimatic zones (coastal and inland valley).

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When too much isn’t enough: Does current food production meet global nutritional needs?

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Folkehelse, Klima og miljø

Sustainably feeding the next generation is often described as one of the most pressing “grand challenges” facing the 21st century. Generally, scholars propose addressing this problem by increasing agricultural production, investing in technology to boost yields, changing diets, or reducing food waste. In this paper, we explore whether global food production is nutritionally balanced by comparing the diet that nutritionists recommend versus global agricultural production statistics.

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Impact of projected climate change on workability, attainable yield, profitability and farm mechanization in Norwegian spring cereals

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Korn, Matjord

In cold-temperate climate with high soil water content in spring, the farmer often faces the choice between topsoil compaction during seedbed preparation and delayed sowing, both of which may reduce attainable cereal yield. The objective of this study was to explore whether future climate change with increasing precipitation would aggravate this dilemma.

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Faba Bean Cultivation – Revealing Novel Managing Practices for More Sustainable and Competitive European Cropping Systems

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Belgvekster, Klima og miljø, Matplanter, Produksjonsmetoder

Faba beans are highly nutritious because of their high protein content: they are a good source of mineral nutrients, vitamins, and numerous bioactive compounds. Equally important is the contribution of faba bean in maintaining the sustainability of agricultural systems, as it is highly efficient in the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This article provides an overview of factors influencing faba bean yield and quality, and addresses the main biotic and abiotic constraints. It also reviews the factors relating to the availability of genetic material and the agronomic features of faba bean production that contribute to high yield and the improvement of European cropping systems.

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Maten vi kaster

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Matsvinn

Med mathåndtering i hverdagslivet som utgangspunkt finner denne rapporten fem hovedårsaker til matsvinn i norske husholdninger: (1) Forbrukerne er usikre når det gjelder egen vurdering av mattrygghet og matkvalitet, (2) Rutinisert mathåndtering fører til for få bruksanledninger for mange matprodukter, (3) Matens verdi oppfattes som lav, (4) Langtidsplanlegging reduserer fleksibiliteten i hverdagen, og (5) Forbrukerne er lite bevisste på hvor mye mat de selv kaster. Basert på disse årsakene utredes kontekstuelle tiltak innenfor to hovedområder: (1) materielle strukturer (emballasje, butikk og kjøleskap) og sosiale og (2) kulturelle strukturer (populærformidling, måltidsorganisering og utdanning).

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Vermi – biochar as alternative to peat as growing substrate for greenhouse vegetables

| Type artikkel: Månedens masterMasteravhandling

Kategori: Drivhus, Grønnsaker, Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Næringsstoffer, Produksjonsmetoder

Biochar is a novel soil amendment technique with a potential of sequestering atmospheric carbon into soil with an increase in certain soil quality parameters essential for crop production. Intense use of peat as growing media, especially in horticulture, has led to a huge exploitation of stable carbon from wetland mosses into the atmosphere accelerating climate change.

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Livsløpsanalyse (LCA) av dyrking av erter og åkerbønner i Norge

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Matplanter

I dette studiet analyserte vi miljøeffekter av å produsere erter og åkerbønner i et korndominert vekstskifte på en gård ved Oslofjorden ved hjelp av livsløpsanalyse (LCA). Miljøeffekter av høsthvetedyrking (samme gård) ble tatt med som referanse. Miljøeffektene ble uttrykt gjennom følgende ni miljøindikatorer; globalt oppvarmingspotensial, eutrofiering av ferskvann, eutrofiering av marine miljøer, økotoksisitet i ferskvann, terrestrisk forsuring, forbruk av fossil energi, human toksisitet, økotoksisitet i marine miljø og terrestrisk økotoksisitet.

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Kartlegging av restråstoff fra jordbruket

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Matsvinn, Økonomi

Med denne rapporten ønsker vi å bidra til en bedre oversikt over volum, sammensetning, kvalitet, anvendelse og nye muligheter for bruk av restråstoff fra norske industriell bearbeiding av cerealer, kjøtt, planteoljer, frukt, bær, grønnsaker og potet.

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VIABLE CLIMATE-FRIENDLY FARMING, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATEGIES

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Agroforestry, Agroøkologi, Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling, Økologisk landbruk, Økonomi

Climate change presents a real challenge to farming, not only in faraway countries but here, too, in our European countryside. Political incentives, such as the recently ratified Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change, acknowledge this challenge, and the first steps have been taken to address the issue.

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DEMONSTRATING STRATEGIES FOR ORGANIC AND LOW-INPUT FARMING TO MITIGATE AND ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Agroforestry, Agroøkologi, Klima og miljø, Økologisk landbruk

Climate change affects our entire planet, including Europe. It is a phenomenon that is closely linked to rising Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and that is already having visible detrimental effects on human activities, such as farming. The climate will keep on changing and temperatures will keep on rising, which leaves us with the questions: how does climate change affect our food supply, how do food systems affect climate change, and what can we do about it?

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Sustainable agriculture within the Baltic Sea Region: Do policy measures respond to policy objectives?

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Gjødsel, Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

The Baltic Sea is dying. Oxygen-free bottom zones are increasing despite the binding targets of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) reduction in the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP). Nutrient runoff from agriculture is the most important source of this eutrophication. According to the EU, sustainable agriculture in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) concerns several political objectives, including reducing eutrophication by nutrient abatement measures, sustain economic viability of farms and benefit society as a whole.

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Future farmers and sustainability : a case study of newly established farmers in Southern Norway

| Type artikkel: Månedens masterMasteravhandling

Kategori: Klima og miljø

Industrialiseringen av jordbruket verden over har ført til en utvikling som ikke er bærekraftig og utfordringer i forhold til økonomisk lønnsomhet for produsenter, miljøødeleggelser og redusert livskvalitet for bønder. For å forstå hvordan nyetablerte bønder i Norge oppfatter bærekrafts problematikken og planlegger å praktisere innen økonomiske, miljømessige og sosiale aspekter, studerte jeg ti caser.

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Socio-cultural factors: Opportunities and challenges for crowdfunding climate measures in Norwegian agriculture

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

As part of the project COOLCROWD, this report provides an overview of preliminary findings and results from WP 2.2 about socio-cultural conditions for crowdfunding in Norway. The primary objective of the project is “to explore the potential of crowdfunding for climate-friendly agricultural projects in Norway as a novel, socio-technical practice that promotes a rapid transition to a low-emission society.”

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Growth, feed intake, methane emissions and carbon footprint from Holstein bull calves fed four different rations

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Fôr, Klima og miljø, Storfe

There is a growing interest in finding feeding strategies that can decrease greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector. The aim of the study was to compare productivity, enteric methane emissions and carbon footprint per kg edible product of dairy bull calves fed one of four different rations.

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Ecological Recycling Agriculture to Enhance Agro-Ecosystem Services in the Baltic Sea Region: Guidelines for Implementation

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer

Eutrophication caused by agriculture is an increasing ecological threat to the Baltic Sea. Modern, resource-efficient farming systems based on integrated plant and animal production, effective nutrient recycling and low external inputs can enhance multiple agro-ecosystem services, resulting in reduced pollution. Practical examples of such farming systems are not widespread. Therefore, the Baltic Ecological Recycling Agriculture and Society (BERAS) Implementation project aimed to foster this systemic shift.

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Spring frost risk for regional apple production under a warmer climate

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Eple, Frukt, Klima og miljø

Spring frosts, as experienced in Europe in April 2016 and 2017, pose a considerable risk to agricultural production, with the potential to cause significant damages to agricultural yields. Meteorological blocking events (stable high-pressure systems) have been shown to be one of the factors that trigger cold spells in spring. While current knowledge does not allow for drawing conclusions as to any change in future frequency and duration of blocking episodes due to climate change, the combination of their stable occurrence with the biological system under a warming trend can lead to economic damage increases.

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Optimising the utilisation of agricultural manure for biogas production : a model based on the county of Vestfold in Norway

| Type artikkel: Masteravhandling

Kategori: Gjødsel, Klima og miljø, Økonomi

The threat of climate-change and the harm it is doing to the Earth has been known for a long time, and the worlds countries have come together to try to limit the damages humanity is doing. The result is multiple international conventions and agreements, most recently the Paris-agreement in 2016. Norway ratified the agreement and implemented the goals in November 2016, and have since searched for solutions to reduce the overall emissions of harmful gasses to the atmosphere. One of these goals was to produce more renewable energy.

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Evaluating lifetime nitrogen use efficiency of dairy cattle: A modelling approach

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Husdyr, Klima og miljø, Melk, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer, Storfe

The increased nitrogen (N) use efficiency in cattle farming is proposed as a key action to improve N management and reduce the environmental impact of cattle farming systems. Most attention has been given to lactating cow nutrition, excluding the elements of fertility, disease, and the non-lactating animals within the herd. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to develop a herd-level simulation model incorporating these elements to assess dairy farm N use efficiency.

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The hidden cost of UK food

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Økonomi

This report finds that the food we eat costs us about twice as much as it appears in our shopping bills. For every £1 UK consumers spend on food, additional costs of around £1 are incurred. These costs are not paid by the food businesses, nor are they included within the retail price of food. Instead they are passed on to society in a range of hidden ways. In total, production-related costs account for an extra 50p for every £1 spent on food, while the costs of diet-related disease account for an
extra 37p. One surprising conclusion is that farm support payments account for only 2.5p in every hidden £1 spent on food.

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Effects of extreme weather on agricultural production and environment

| Type artikkel: Forskningsprosjekt

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Matplanter

The Nordic countries developed in the early and mid 1990’s a common concept of monitoring of environmental effects of agricultural activities. The monitoring set up consists of a number of small representative agricultural dominated catchments within each country. The primary goal of the programmes are to quantify the pollutant losses to surface waters. The monitoring programmes collect data on agricultural management practices (e.g. date of soil ploughing, date of sowing and harvest and fertilizer inputs) and crop yield data down at single field level.


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Controlled traffic farming effects on soil emissions of nitrous oxide and methane

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Produksjonsmetoder

Soil compaction affects soil aeration and gas diffusivity, and thus has a major impact on the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from fertilised soils. Controlled traffic farming (CTF) systems reduce the area of compacted soil by confining all field traffic to permanent traffic lanes, and a pilot trial at one long-term CTF site provided evidence of reduced soil emissions.

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Resilience of bacteria, archaea, fungi and N-cycling microbial guilds under plough and conservation tillage, to agricultural drought

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Biologisk mangfold, Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Sopp, Vann

Climate change causes droughts, which in turn cause significant physiological stress for soil microorganisms. In this study, we investigated how the abundance of total bacterial, crenarchaeal and fungal communities and the abundance of N-cycling microbial guilds responded to a severe agricultural drought event in a long-term experiment of minimum tillage (MT) and conventional ploughing (CT) at two soil depths.

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Active Packaging Applications for Food

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Emballasje, Klima og miljø, Matsvinn

The traditional role of food packaging is continuing to evolve in response to changing market needs. Current drivers such as consumer's demand for safer, “healthier,” and higher‐quality foods, ideally with a long shelf‐life; the demand for convenient and transparent packaging, and the preference for more sustainable packaging materials, have led to the development of new packaging technologies, such as active packaging (AP).

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Fine-Tuning the Fight Against Food Waste

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Matsvinn

The complex causes of consumer food waste make it difficult for commercial actors and public policy makers to develop successful foodwaste reduction campaigns. One of the essential problems is that consumer food waste seems to be the unplanned result of divergent food-related behaviors. The current research investigates the relationship between distinctive consumer food-related lifestyle patterns and food waste.

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Mot et bærekraftig norsk matsystem: Effekt på selvforsyningsgrad og norsk jordbruk ved redusert konsum av kjøtt

| Type artikkel: Masteravhandling

Kategori: Husdyr, Kjøtt, Klima og miljø, Matplanter, Samfunnsutvikling, Økonomi

Sentralt i økologisk økonomi (ØØ) er tanken om at jordas ressurser er begrenset og at det finnes en optimal størrelse for økonomien. På overordnet nivå handler denne oppgaven om å anerkjenne konseptuelt at det er en øvre grense for hvor mye mat vi kan produsere på jorda. Globale endringstrender som befolkningsvekst, økt velstand og ressursbruk sammen med miljøutfordringer som klimaendringer, redusert biologisk mangfold, økt press på arealressurser, vannmangel og utarming av matjord peker mot at vi kan nærme oss en situasjon med mulig global matknapphet. I et slikt perspektiv er det naturlig å øke fokuset på matsikkerhet, og se på hvordan det norske matsystemet kan bli mer bærekraftig samtidig som det forsyner oss med en større andel av den maten vi spiser.

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Crop traits drive soil carbon sequestration under organic farming

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Produksjonsmetoder, Økologisk landbruk

1. Organic farming (OF) enhances top soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands compared with conventional farming (CF), which can contribute to sequester C. As farming system differences in the amount of C inputs to soil (e.g. fertilization and crop residues) are not enough to explain such increase, shifts in crop residue traits important for soil C losses such as litter decomposition may also play a role.

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Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

Food’s environmental impacts are created by millions of diverse producers. To identify solutions that are effective under this heterogeneity, we consolidated data covering five environmental indicators; 38,700 farms; and 1600 processors, packaging types, and retailers. Impact can vary 50-fold among producers of the same product, creating substantial mitigation opportunities.

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Impact of agronomy practices on the effects of reduced tillage systems on CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural fields: A global meta-analysis

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø

The effect of no- and reduced tillage (NT/RT) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was highly variable and may depend on other agronomy practices. However, how the other practices affect the effect of NT/RT on GHG emission remains elusive. Therefore, we conducted a global meta-analysis (including 49 papers with 196 comparisons) to assess the effect of five options (i.e. cropping system, crop residue management, split application of N fertilizer, irrigation, and tillage duration) on the effect of NT/RT on CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural fields.

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