Kategori: Klima og miljø

Klima og miljø
Klimautfordringene i landbrukssektoren er komplekse, og utviklingen innebærer forskning, teknologi og kunnskap. Innenfor feltet forskes det på klimaeffekter og tilpasninger i primærnæringene, lagring av karbon i jord, metanutslipp, lystgassutslipp, bedre økonomiske beregninger av kostnader ved ulike klimatiltak i jordbruket, og hvilke konsekvenser klimatiltakene kan få for matproduksjonen.

I tillegg til at maten vi produserer og spiser påvirker mengden klimagasser som slippes ut, påvirker også landbruket miljøet. Temaer her kan for eksempel være avrenning fra landbruket, kjemikaliebruk og landbrukets påvirkning på biodiversitet og landskap.

Dette er Kores temaside for forskning på klima og miljø i relasjon til landbruk. Her har vi samlet både norsk og internasjonal forskning på klima- og miljørelaterte temaer.

Sjekk gjerne ut andre relevante kategorier:

Agroøkologi
Erosjon
Fosfor
Jordvern
Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering
Plantevern og plantehelse

IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø

This Special Report on Climate Change and Land responds to the Panel decision in 2016 to prepare three Special Reports during the Sixth Assessment cycle, taking account of proposals from governments and observer organizations. This report addresses greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in land-based ecosystems , land use and sustainable land management in relation to climate change adaptation and mitigation, desertification, land degradation and food security.

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Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching from organic arable crop rotations

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Økologisk landbruk

The emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and leaching of nitrate (NO3) from agricultural cropping systems have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production on average, they are roughly similar per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being environmentally friendly, these loadings must be addressed.

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Diversified food system: Policy to embedding crop genetic diversity in food value chains

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Biologisk mangfold, Genetikk og plantearv, Klima og miljø

Current food systems and associated agricultural practices have led to a loss of crop diversity. The widespread adoption of genetically uniform crop varieties may also increase the vulnerability of production systems and reduce their adaptability to new environmental challenges. DIVERSIFOOD has explored different approaches aimed at increasing crop genetic diversity, and as a result, make biodiverse food available to consumers. These approaches have the potential to promote sustainable, locally adapted farming systems, provide autonomy to farmers, support local short and fair supply chains and reconnect farmers and consumers.

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Increased utilisation of renewable resources: Dilemmas for organic agriculture

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Økologisk landbruk

Minimising outputs of waste and pollution by recycling and efficient utilisation of renewable resources is of common interest for organic agriculture and the concepts of circular and bioeconomy. However, in practice, many efforts to increase recycling of various biological materials in organic agriculture are hampered because standards for certified organic production and processing tend to prefer natural products while avoiding processing and especially chemical processes.

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LAnd MAnagement for CLImate Mitigation and Adaptation

| Type artikkel: Forskningsprosjekt

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

LAMACLIMA vil undersøke hvordan arealforvaltningstiltak som reforplantning, vanning og vedhøsting vil påvirke klima, landbruk, vanntilgjengelighet, skogbruk og økonomisk produktivitet. Dette vil bli oppnådd ved å bruke en tverrfaglig tilnærming. Simuleringsresultater fra tre klimamodeller vil bli integrert i en global landbruksfordelingsmodell som vil bli koblet til en økonomisk generell likevektsmodell.

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Sustainable management of cultivated peatlands in Switzerland: Insights, challenges, and opportunities

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Matjord, Økologisk landbruk

Major common production activities on organic soils require drainage, which results in the loss of important ecosystem services such as carbon storage. This paper provides an overview of the farming situation on organic soils in a western region of Switzerland characterized by intensive vegetable farming and therefore by high opportunity costs of adopting sustainable practices on these soils.

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The importance of including soil carbon changes, ecotoxicity and biodiversity impacts in environmental life cycle assessments of organic and conventional milk in Western Europe

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Biologisk mangfold, Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Produksjonsmetoder

Estimates of soil carbon changes, biodiversity and ecotoxicity have often been missing from life cycle assessment based studies of organic dairy products, despite evidence that the impacts of organic and conventional management may differ greatly within these areas. The aim of the present work was therefore to investigate the magnitude of including these impact categories within a comprehensive environmental impact assessment of organic and conventional dairy systems differing in basic production conditions.

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Klimagassutslipp ‐ planteproduksjon

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø

Denne rapporten er utarbeidet som del av utredningsprosjektet til Bondelaget: Utvikling av beregningsmodell for klimagasser i norsk landbruk» finansiert av Landbruksdirektoratet. Rapporten omhandler klimagasser fra planteproduksjon og gir omtale av nødvendige data for klimagassberegning. Den gir oversikt over ulike typer modeller for beregning av klimagassutslipp, fra nasjonalt rapporteringsnivå til modeller for rådgivning på gårdsnivå. Det er også gjort vurdering av forsknings og kunnskapsbehov.

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Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from integrated organic farming: A systems approach considering rotation cycles

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Produksjonsmetoder, Økologisk landbruk

Integrated organic farming could help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other environmental impacts from agriculture but studies of such practices are scarce, particularly those considering farms as whole systems and taking into account rotation cycles. To address this knowledge gap, this study considers life cycle GHG emissions and the related global warming potential (GWP) of a large integrated organic farm in the UK.

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Strategier i ekologisk produktion i Sverige för att öka resiliens mot extrem torka

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Fôr, Kjøtt, Klima og miljø, Matplanter, Melk, Produksjonsmetoder, Storfe, Økologisk landbruk

The summer year 2018 was extremely hot and dry in Sweden. Pasture crops dried down and cattle had to graze in the forest or on bushed land not cultivated for a long time. The harvest was extremely low for all crops. Swedish agriculture is adapted to weather variations but due to climate change extreme weather conditions are expected to occur more frequent, such as too much or lack of rain. We have to answer question about what knowledge and measure the farmer use to handle the drought and produce crops, milk and beef.

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Perennial flower strips for pest control in organic apple orchards – A pan-European study

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Agroøkologi, Eple, Flerårige planter, Klima og miljø, Plantevern og plantehelse, Samplanting

In many crops, the intensive use of pesticides causes major problems both for the environment and for natural ecosystem services. Apple is Europe's most frequently produced orchard fruit, requiring high pesticide input to combat the most important apple insect pests, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) and Cydia pomonella (L.).

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Organisk avfall som vekstmedium og næring for solbær (Ribes nigrum L.) på intensivt grønt tak og sosiale effekter av urbant landbruk

| Type artikkel: Masteravhandling

Kategori: Bær, Klima og miljø, Kompost, Matjord, Urbant landbruk

Til urban dyrking i bykjernen er det vanlig å kjøpe jord siden jorda i byen ofte er forurenset. En sirkulær økonomi, med fokus på avfallshåndtering, er derfor en forutsetning for at urban dyrking skal være bærekraftig. Kompost utgjør i dag en stor del av innholdet i tilgjengelige torvfrie vekstmedier i Norge, men kan fortsatt by på utfordringer. Tilpasset informasjon for urban dyrking om kvalitet og bruk må derfor utvikles og formidles bredt.

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Markens potential som kolsänka

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Matjord, Samfunnsutvikling

Att öka kolinlagringen i marken föreslås vara en av de mest kostnadseffektiva klimatåtgärderna. En åtgärd som dessutom har positiv inverkan på aspekter som biologisk mångfald och miljö. Ämnet står därför högt på agendan i de nordiska länderna och en rad olika initiativ pågår, från utveckling av beräkningsmodeller och undersökningar av olika åtgärders effekter till mer övergripande kunskapssammanställningar och politiska målformuleringar.

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Effects of three short-term pasture allocation methods on milk production, methane emission and grazing behaviour by dairy cows

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Husdyr, Klima og miljø, Storfe

Two short-term grazing experiments were conducted with Norwegian Red cows. In Exp 1, 24 cows were randomly assigned to one of the following three pasture allocation methods (PAM): weekly pasture allowance (7RG), grazing 1/7 of 7RG each day (1SG), or grazing as 1SG but had access to grazed part of the paddock within one week (1FG).

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Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science – Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Biologisk mangfold, Klima og miljø

Nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating worldwide. Nature embodies different concepts for different people, including biodiversity, ecosystems, Mother Earth, systems of life and other analogous concepts. Nature’s contributions to people embody different concepts such as ecosystem goods and services, and nature’s gifts. Both nature and nature’s contributions to people are vital for human existence and good quality of life (human well-being, living in harmony with nature, living well in balance and harmony with Mother Earth, and other analogous concepts).

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FUTURE NORDIC DIETS

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Folkehelse, Klima og miljø, Planteproteiner, Samfunnsutvikling, Økologisk landbruk

The global food system causes large emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the environment. Livestock are responsible for a large part of these emissions and take up most of the agricultural land for grazing and feed production while only making a more limited contribution to the global food supply. In this project, we have used an agricultural mass flow model to assess two future food system scenarios for the Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden (hereafter “the Nordic countries”).

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Approaches to embed diversity in food systems – Diversfood outcomes from field to plate

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Biologisk mangfold, Klima og miljø, Produksjonsmetoder, Samfunnsutvikling

Underutilised crops are offering opportunities to diversify and improve farming and food systems as a response both to climate change and to social changes in food culture and uses. The choice of seed greatly determines farming practices and all stages of the food supply chain right up to the consumers’ plate.

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Links between profitability, nitrogen surplus, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy intensity on organic and conventional dairy farms

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Husdyr, Klima og miljø, Melk, Storfe, Økologisk landbruk, Økonomi

This study examines the relationships between profitability, nitrogen (N) surplus, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and energy intensity and factors influencing these relationships in dairy farming. In-depth data from 10 conventional and 8 organic dairy farms in Western Norway were analyzed. Organic farms had lower N surplus per hectare (local, on-farm) and per unit output (global, cradle-to-farm-gate), and lower estimated GHG emissions and energy intensity per unit output, whereas labor input and farm profits did not differ.

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Consumer Readiness to Reduce Meat Consumption for the Purpose of Environmental Sustainability: Insights from Norway

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Planteproteiner, Samfunnsutvikling

Food production is associated with various environmental impacts and the production of meat is highlighted as a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. A transition toward plant-based and low-meat diets has thus been emphasised as an important contribution to reducing climate change. By combining results from a consumer survey, focus group interviews and an in-store field experiment, this article investigates whether Norwegian consumers are ready to make food choices based on what is environmentally sustainable.

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Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Erosjon, Humus, Jordbiologi, Jordpakking, Jordvern, Klima og miljø, Matjord

2015 was the United Nations International Year of Soils and, for the first time, soils and the life within them were in the spotlight globally. We are pleased therefore, that an international group of experts and scientists from the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), in close collaboration with colleagues from the Commission’s Directorate-General for the Environment and the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative, have produced the first ever Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas.

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Risks and opportunities of increasing yields in organic farming. A review

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Biologisk mangfold, Dyrevelferd, Folkehelse, Klima og miljø, Matjord, Økologisk landbruk

Current organic agriculture performs well in several sustainability domains, like animal welfare, farm profitability and low pesticide use, but yields are commonly lower than in conventional farming. There is now a re-vitalized interest in increasing yields in organic agriculture to provide more organic food for a growing, more affluent population and reduce negative impacts per unit produced. However, past yield increases have been accompanied by several negative side-effects.

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Beitemarka – et ukjent karbonlager

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Husdyr, Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø

Husdyrbruk vil fortsatt være viktig framover for å imøtekomme økende etterspørsel etter matvarer i en tid da klimaendringene truer matproduksjonen over store deler av verden (NOU, 2018:17). Beite holder landskapet åpent og bidrar til å opprettholde verdifullt biologisk mangfold på naturbeitemark. Samtidig som husdyra og husdyrproduksjonen bidrar til utslipp av klimagasser, bidrar de gjennom beite også til opptak og lagring av klimagasser (Teague, mfl., 2016).

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Persistence in soil of Miscanthus biochar in laboratory and field conditions

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Biokull, Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Matjord

Evaluating biochars for their persistence in soil under field conditions is an important step towards their implementation for carbon sequestration. Current evaluations might be biased because the vast majority of studies are short-term laboratory incubations of biochars produced in laboratory-scale pyrolyzers.

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Karbonbinding i norsk landbruksjord – En vurdering av hvordan nåværende praksis på dyrket mark kan tilpasses for å øke karbonbinding i norsk landbruksjord .

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Regenerativt landbruk

Landbruket er en viktig del av karbonkretsløpet. FAO har anslått at hvis landbruket globalt tar i bruk kjent karbon-bindende jordbrukspraksis, som vekstskifte med eng, erstatter åpenåker med jorddekke og underkultur osv., er det mulig å binde tilstrekkelig karbon til å snu økningen av CO2 i luft og reversere klimaendringene. Karbonbinding i jord er et viktig bidrag til å holde jordens temperaturøkning til under 2°C (Lal. R. 2013. Ghabbour, E. m. fl. 2017).

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Urban Agriculture: A Regenerative Urban Development Practice to Decrease the Ecological Footprints of Cities

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Regenerativt landbruk, Urbant landbruk

Modern cities are characterized by intense human interactions and economic activities that- in many cases- have little or no consideration of the surrounding environment. Every day, the process of urbanisation is becoming more resource-intensive, and the results are grave, including, climate change, the loss of natural fertility of farmland and the loss of biodiversity all over the world.

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Towards resilient agriculture and beyond – The promise of regenerative agriculture

| Type artikkel: Masteravhandling

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Regenerativt landbruk

We are all dependent on agriculture as we all need food and agriculture covers around 37% of the total land area. It would therefore be an understatement to say that it is an important subject for our common future. A subject however that is also facing and causing many challenges. Is agriculture able to fit into the people, planet, prosperity adagio, or does one of these always have to suffer like it currently does?

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Agroforestry Standards for Regenerative Agriculture

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Agroforestry, Agroøkologi, Klima og miljø, Regenerativt landbruk

Agroforestry is increasingly being recognized as a holistic food production system that can have numerous significant environmental, economic, and social benefits. This growing recognition is paralleled in the USA by the budding interest in regenerative agriculture and motivation to certify regenerative practices.


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Jordhelse, karbon og regenerativt landbruk – for bønder, av ein bonde

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Agroøkologi, Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Regenerativt landbruk

Etter 20 års erfaring som konvensjonell kornbonde og deretter 7 år som økologisk kornbonde ble jeg i 2015 gjort oppmerksom på ein youtubevideo av Gabe Brown. Den videoen satte meg nesten helt ut pga. at jeg skjønna hvor lite jeg egentlig forstod om jord, og hvilken effekt jordhelsa kan ha på plantevekst. Det er 4 år siden jeg kom over dette med regenerativt landbruk og i perioder har jeg brukt store deler av fritida mi på å lese mer om dette for å lære og forstå. Jeg har her prøvd å lage ei lita konsentrert samling av hovedpunkta av det jeg har lest i artikler og bøker og hørt/sett på youtube om jordhelse, hvorfor og hvordan.

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Abating N in Nordic agriculture – Policy, measures and way forward

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer

During the past twenty years, the Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway) have introduced a range of measures to reduce losses of nitrogen (N) to air and to aquatic environment by leaching and runoff. However, the agricultural sector is still an important N source to the environment, and projections indicate relatively small emission reductions in the coming years.

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Muligheter og utfordringer for økt karbonbinding i jordbruksjord

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Jordbiologi, Karbon og karbonlagring, Klima og miljø, Matjord, Regenerativt landbruk

En økning i karbonlagring i landbruksjord er angitt som et viktig klimatiltak både internasjonalt og i Norge. Tiltaket er godt begrunnet: Jorden inneholder to til tre ganger så mye karbon som atmosfæren, noe som innebærer at relative små endringer i innhold av karbon i jord kan ha betydelige effekter på CO2-innholdet i atmosfæren og det globale klimaet.

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The experience of members of European CSAs

| Type artikkel: Månedens master

Kategori: Distribusjon og salg, Klima og miljø, Urbant landbruk, Økonomi

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is an alternative food system that directly connects consumers with producers. Though in theory CSA ameliorates some of the negative environmental, social, and economic impacts of conventional food systems, some research has shown that in practice it can still give rise to similar ill effects that threaten their long-term viability, e.g., financial insecurity due to insufficient knowledge about consumer attitudes.

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R-6/18 Veien mot et grønnere landbruk. En logistisk flernivåanalyse av hvilke forhold som påvirker bønders sannsynlighet for å iverksette miljøtiltak fra RMP eller SMIL

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

Denne rapporten er en studie av Regionale miljøprogram (RMP) og Spesielle miljøtiltak i landbruket (SMIL), som undersøker hvorvidt programmene er tilpasset norske bønders motiver når det kommer til å gjennomføre miljøtiltak? RMP og SMIL er miljøprogram som bygger på utdeling av økonomiske insentiver i bytte mot bærekraftige driftsendringer hos bøndene.

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Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

Global agricultural feeds over 7 billion people, but is also a leading cause of environmental degradation. Understanding how alternative agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice drive environmental degradation is necessary for reducing agriculture's environmental impacts.

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Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling

The food system is a major driver of climate change, changes in land use, depletion of freshwater resources, and pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. Here we show that between 2010 and 2050, as a result of expected changes in population and income levels, the environmental effects of the food system could increase by 50–90% in the absence of technological changes and dedicated mitigation measures, reaching levels that are beyond the planetary boundaries that define a safe operating space for humanity.

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Food systems for sustainable development: proposals for a profound four-part transformation

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Samfunnsutvikling, Økonomi

Evidence shows the importance of food systems for sustainable development: they are at the nexus that links food security, nutrition, and human health, the viability of ecosystems, climate change, and social justice. However, agricultural policies tend to focus on food supply, and sometimes, on mechanisms to address negative externalities. We propose an alternative.

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Sustainable intensification of agriculture for human prosperity and global sustainability

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø

There is an ongoing debate on what constitutes sustainable intensification of agriculture (SIA). In this paper, we propose that a paradigm for sustainable intensification can be defined and translated into an operational framework for agricultural development. We argue that this paradigm must now be defined—at all scales—in the context of rapidly rising global environmental changes in the Anthropocene, while focusing on eradicating poverty and hunger and contributing to human wellbeing.

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Agricultural ecosystems and their services: the vanguard of sustainability?

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø

Sustainable Development Goals offer an opportunity to improve human well-being while conserving natural resources. Ecosystem services highlight human well-being benefits ecosystems, including agricultural ecosystems, provides. Whereas agricultural systems produce the majority of our food, they drive significant environmental degradation. This tension between development and environmental conservation objectives is not an immutable outcome as agricultural systems are simultaneously dependents, and providers of ecosystem services.

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Fangvekstenes økosystemtjenester – Kunnskapsstatus om effekten av fangvekster

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Fosfor, Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer

Denne rapporten gir en oversikt over fangvekster og deres effekter på avling, mineralsk nitrogen i jord, karbonbinding, utslipp til vann og luft, jordstruktur, biodiversitet og ugras. Det er fortrinnsvis brukt studier fra Norge og Norden for å øke kunnskapen om fangvekster. Se side 5.

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Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Folkehelse, Klima og miljø

What we eat greatly influences our personal health and the environment we all share. Recent analyses have highlighted the likely dual health and environmental benefits of reducing the fraction of animal-sourced foods in our diets. Here, we couple for the first time, to our knowledge, a region-specific global health model based on dietary and weight-related risk factors with emissions accounting and economic valuation modules to quantify the linked health and environmental consequences of dietary changes.

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Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT– Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Agroøkologi, Folkehelse, Klima og miljø, Matsvinn, Næringsstoffer, Produksjonsmetoder, Samfunnsutvikling

Food systems have the potential to nurture human health and support environmental sustainability; however, they are currently threatening both. Providing a growing global population with healthy diets from sustainable food systems is an immediate challenge. Although global food production of calories has kept pace with population growth, more than 820 million people have insufficient food and many more consume low-quality diets that cause micronutrient deficiencies and contribute to a substantial rise in the incidence of diet-related obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

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Improving Crop Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency via Biofertilization – A Global Meta-analysis

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Fosfor, Gjødsel, Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer

The application of microbial inoculants (biofertilizers) is a promising technology for future sustainable farming systems in view of rapidly decreasing phosphorus stocks and the need to more efficiently use available nitrogen (N). Various microbial taxa are currently used as biofertilizers, based on their capacity to access nutrients from fertilizers and soil stocks, to fix atmospheric nitrogen, to improve water uptake or to act as biocontrol agents.

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Organic-PLUS

| Type artikkel: Forskningsprosjekt

Kategori: Agroøkologi, Klima og miljø, Økologisk landbruk

The Organic-PLUS (O+) project has the overall aim of providing high quality, trans-disciplinary, scientifically informed decision support to help all actors in the organic sector, including national and regional policy makers, to reach the next level of the organic success story in Europe. By doing so, organic food systems can be more true to organic principles but equally to the EU Bio-economy agenda.

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Matsvinn i Norge – Rapportering av nøkkeltall 2015 – 201 7

| Type artikkel: Rapport

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Matsvinn

Om rapporten
Juni 2017 signerte norske myndigheter og en samlet matbransje en bransjeavtale om redusert matsvinn. Formålet med avtalen er å halvere matsvinnet i Norge innen 2030, i tråd med FNs bærekraftmål 12.3, der halveringen skal oppnås gjennom delmålene 15 % reduksjon i 2020 og 30 % reduksjon i 2025, og 2015 danner referansebanen. Partene i avtalen er forpliktet til å rapportere på utviklingen i mengde og sammensetning av matsvinn. Tallene og utviklingstrendene for matbransjen er dokumentert i denne rapporten.

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Knowledge and precaution. On organic farmers’ assessment of new technology

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Klima og miljø, Økologisk landbruk

Organic farming is under constant pressure to reinvent itself by adopting new technologies. This article examines the role of precaution in organic farmers’ assessments of new technologies, and asks how their assessments draw on different types of knowledge. The article further explores how knowledge type compares to the role of knowledge and precaution expressed in the principles of organic farming as defined by the organic movement organisation, IFOAM.

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Comparison of the environmental performance of different treatment scenarios for the main phosphorus recycling sources

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Fosfor, Gjødsel, Klima og miljø, Næringsstoffer

Efficient phosphorus (P) recycling from rural and urban areas is becoming an increasing issue due to the scarcity of natural P deposits. Based on a life cycle assessment (LCA), we analyzed the environmental performance of 17 different P supply and recycling approaches from urban wastes, biosolids and slaughterhouse wastes compared with the two conventional inorganic fertilizers phosphate rock and triple superphosphate.

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Nitrogen leaching: a crop rotation perspective on the effect of N surplus, field management and use of catch crops

| Type artikkel: Publisert studie

Kategori: Gjødsel, Klima og miljø, Nitrogen og nitrogenfiksering, Næringsstoffer

Components of the field nitrogen (N) balance (input and surplus) are often used to predict nitrate leaching from agricultural lands. However, management factors, such as use of catch crops, greatly affect the actual loss and are a key to reduce N leaching. The present study is based on the 4th cycle of a long-term crop rotation experiment in Denmark, and it aims to quantify, from a crop rotation perspective, the influence on N leaching from N input and surplus or management factors.

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